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3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 1 of 31 product description the kxss5 - 4457 is a tri - axis, silicon micromachined accelerometer with a full - scale output range of +/ - 3g (29.4 m/s/s). the sense element is fabricated using kionixs proprietary plasma micromachining process technology. acceleration sensing is based on the principle of a differential capacitance arising from acceleration - induced motion of the se nse element, which further utilizes common mode cancellation to decrease errors from process variation, temperature, and environmental stress. the sense element is hermetically sealed at the wafer level by bonding a second silicon lid wafer to the device u sing a glass frit. a separate asic device packaged with the sense element provides signal conditioning, self - test, and temperature compensation. the accelerometer is delivered in a 5 x 3 x 0.9 mm lga plastic pac kage operating from a 1.8 C 3.6 v dc supply. the asic will trigger interrupt signals if an acceleration threshold is exceeded in any axis (motion interrupt), or if the total acceleration falls below a threshold (freefall interrupt). the thresholds can be set by the customer or default to factory cali brated values. either i 2 c or spi interfaces can be used to communicate to the chip to trigger a/d conversions, set thresholds or threshold delays, or manage power consumption. functional diagram x sensor vdd enable gnd y sensor z sensor 3 2 4 5 spi/i 2 c/logic 8 7 9 charge amp a/d 14 6 10 32k 32k 32k interrupt logic 11 12 temp sensor 1khz lpf
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 2 of 31 product specificat ions table 1. mechanical (specifications are for operation at 1.8v and t = 25c unless stated otherwise) parameters units min typical max operating temperature range o c - 25 - 70 zero - g offset (analog) v 0.852 0.9 0.948 zero - g offset (digital) counts 1939 2048 2157 zero - g offset variation f rom rt over temp. mg/ o c 0.6 sensitivity (analog) mv/g 233 240 247 sensitivity (digital) counts/g 530 546 562 sensitivity variation from rt over temp. %/ o c 0.01 (xy) 0.03 (z) offset ratiomet ric error (v dd = 1.8 v 5 %) % 0.3 sensitivity ratiometric error (v dd = 1.8 v 5 %) % 0.6 (xy) 0.3 (z) self test output change on activation g 0.8 (xy) 0.6 (z) non - linearity % of fs 0.1 cros s axis sensitivity % 2 noise density (on filter pins) ? g / hz 175 freefall threshold 1 g 0.4 freefall delay 1 ms 4 motion threshold 1 g 2.5 motion delay 1 ms 4 notes: 1. factory default settings. user can adjust thresholds and delays using i 2 c or spi interface.
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 3 of 31 table 2. electrical (specifications are for operation at 1.8v and t = 25c unless stated otherwise) parameters units min typical max supply voltage (v dd ) opera ting v 1.7 1.8 3.6 current consumption operating ? a 400 700 1000 standby ? a 0.0012 input low voltage v - - 0.2 * v dd input high voltage v 0.8 * v dd - - input pull - down current ? a 0 analog output resistance(r out ) k ? 24 32 40 bandwidth ( - 3db) 1 hz 800 1000 1200 power up time 2 ms 0.8 a/d conversion time ? s ? 200 spi communication rate 3 mhz 1 i 2 c communication rate k hz 400 notes: 1. internal 1 khz low pass filter. lower frequencies are user definable with external capacitors. 2. power up time is determined after the enabling of the part. the typical value reported is when using the internal 1khz low pass filter only. when a user defined low pass filter is used, the power up time is 5 times the rc time constant of the filter. 3. spi communication rate can be optimized for faster communication per the spi timing diagram below.
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 4 of 31 kxss5 spi timing diagram table 3. spi timing number description min max units - enable transition from low to high after vdd above 1.6v 1 ms t 1 ncs low to first clk setup time 130 - ns t 2 clk pulse width: high (does not apply to the last bit of a byte.) 130 - ns t 3 clk pulse width: low (does not apply to the last bit of a byte.) 130 - ns t 4 clk pulse width: high (only on last bi t of a byte.) 200 - ns t 5 clk pulse width: low (only on last bit of a byte.) 350 - ns t 6 ncs low after the final clk falling edge 350 - ns t 7 ncs pulse width: high 130 - ns t 8 sdi valid to clk rising edge 10 - ns t 9 clk rising edge to sdi invalid 100 - ns t 10 clk falling edge to sdo valid - 130 ns t 11 clk falling edge to sdo invalid 0 - ns notes recommended spi clk 1 - us a/d conversion clk hold (t 5 ) 200 - us sdo s di ncs t 1 clk bit 7 bit 6 bit 1 5 bit 0 bit 7 5 bit 6 bit 1 5 bit 0 bit 7 5 bit 6 bit 1 5 bit 0 t 2 t 3 t 4 t 5 t 6 t 7 t 8 t 9 t 10 t 11
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 5 of 31 table 4. environmental parameters units min typical max supply voltage (v dd ) absolute limits v - 0.3 - 7.0 operating temperature range o c - 40 - 85 storage temperature range o c - 55 - 150 mech. shock (powered and unpowered) g - - 5000 for 0.5ms esd hbm v - - 2000 caution: esd sensitive and mechanical shock sensitive component, improper handling can cause permanent damage to the device. this product conforms to directive 2002/95/ec of the european parliament and of the council of the european union (rohs). specifically, this product does not contain lead, merc ury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (pbb), or polybrominated diphenyl ethers (pbde) above the maximum concentration values (mcv) by weight in any of its homogenous materials. homogenous materials are "of uniform composition througho ut." this product is halogen - free per iec 61249 - 2 - 21. specifically, the materials used in this product contain a maximum total halogen content of 1500 ppm with less than 900 - ppm bromine and less than 900 - ppm chlorine. soldering soldering recommenda tions are available upon request or from www.kionix.com . hf
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 6 of 31 application schematic table 5. kxss5 pin descriptions pin name description 1 vdd the power supply input. 2 ncs spi ena ble 1 i 2 c/spi mode selection (1 = i 2 c mode, 0 = spi mode) 3 addr/sdi i 2 c programmable address bit/spi serial data input 1 4 sda/sd0 i 2 c serial data/spi serial data output 1 5 scl/sclk i 2 c serial clock/spi serial clock 1 6 enable high - normal operation tra nsition from low to high C default values loaded into registers from eeprom, unlatched operation 2 low - device is in standby, power down mode, i 2 c/spi mode will not function 7 x output the output of the x - channel. optionally, a capacitor placed between th is pin and ground will form a lowpass filte r in addition to the internal 1k hz internal filter. 8 y output the output of y - channel. optionally, a capacitor placed between this pin and ground will form a lowpass filte r in addition to the internal 1k hz inter nal filter. 9 z output the output of z - channel. optionally, a capacitor placed between this pin and ground will form a lowpass filte r in addition to the internal 1k hz internal filter. 10 gnd ground 11 ff/mot (output) low: no interrupts high : (all chann els below freefall threshold) or (at least one channel above motion threshold and (mot enable=high)) 12 mot enable (input) low C disable motion interrupt high C enable motion interrupt to or with freefall interrupt onto the ff/mot pin 13 vdd the power supply input. 14 vdd the power supply input. decouple this pin to ground with a 0.1uf ceramic capacitor. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 enable x y z ff / mot mot enable vdd c 1 scl / sclk sda / sdo addr / sdi kxss 5 cs
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 7 of 31 application design notes 1 when used without digital communications, make the following connections: ncs = vdd (puts the part into i 2 c mode, disa bles pullups on sda/sdo pad) scl/sclk = gnd sda/sdo = gnd addr/sdi = gnd or vdd in this mode, the interrupts operate in unlatched mode with the factory default settings for free - fall and motion thresholds and delays. 2 enab le cannot transition from low to high until a minimum of 1 ms after vdd reaches 1.6v. application design equations the bandwidth is determined by the filter capacitors connected from pins 7, 8 and 9 to ground. the response is single pole. given a desire d bandwidth, f bw , the filter capacitors are determined by: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 enable x y z ff / mot mot enable vdd c 1 kxss 5 bw f x c c c 6 4 3 2 10 97 . 4 ? ? ? ?
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 8 of 31 kxss5 interrupt features as shown in the application schematic, the kxss5 features a free - fall interrupt (ff) with an optional high - g motion interrupt (mot) on the same o utput pin (ff/mot). each interrupt features independent, user - definable thresholds, debounce times, and latch/unlatch capabilities that are customized through the kxss5 s embedded 8 - bit registers or default to factory calibrated values. free - fall detec tion interrupt - the free - fall interrupt goes high when a free - fall event is detected. a free - fall event occurs when the acceleration on all three accelerometer axes simultaneously falls below the low acceleration threshold for a certain amount of time. th e low acceleration threshold and debounce time is set by the user ( or default to factory calibrated values ) during power up through the embedded 8 - bit registers. also, the free - fall interrupt can be user - defined as latched or unlatched. high - g motion int errupt - the optional high - g motion interrupt goes high when a high - g event is detected. a high - g event occurs when the acceleration on any axis exceeds the high acceleration threshold for a certain amount of time. the high acceleration threshold and debo unce time is set by the user ( or default to factory calibrated values ) during power up through the embedded 8 - bit registers. the mot enable pin enables the motion interrupt to logically or with the free - fall interrupt onto the ff/mot pin. also, the hig h - g motion interrupt can be user - defined as latched or unlatched. test specifications ! special characteristics : these characteristics have been identified as being critical to the customer. every part is tested to verify its conformance to specific ation prior to shipment. table 6. test specifications parameter specification test conditions zero - g offset @ rt 0.9 +/ - 0.048 v 25c, vdd = 1.8 v sensitivity @ rt 240 +/ - 7.2 mv/g 25c, vdd = 1.8 v current consumption -- operating 400 <= idd <= 1000 ua 25c, vdd = 1.8 v
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 9 of 31 package dimensions and orientation 3 x 5 x 0.9 mm lga
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 10 of 31 dimension mm inch min nom max min nom max a --- 0.91 1.0 --- 0.036 0.039 a1 0.21 ref 0.008 ref a2 0.6 6 0.7 0.74 0.026 0.028 0.029 b 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.018 0.020 0.022 d 3 bsc 0.118 bsc e 5 bsc 0.197 bsc k 4 bsc 0.157 bsc e 0.8 bsc 0.031 bsc l 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.029 0.031 0.033 all dimensions and tolerances conform to asme y14.5m - 1994 o rientation when device is accelerated in +x, +y or +z direction, the corresponding output will increase. pin 1 +x +y +z
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 11 of 31 static x/y/z output response versus orientation to earths surface (1 - g): position 1 2 3 4 5 6 diagram top bott om bottom top x 0.9 v 1.14 v 0.9 v 0.66 v 0.9 v 0.9 v y 1.14 v 0.9 v 0.66 v 0.9 v 0.9 v 0.9 v z 0.9 v 0.9 v 0.9 v 0.9 v 1.14 v 0.66 v x - polarity 0 + 0 - 0 0 y - polarity + 0 - 0 0 0 z - polar ity 0 0 0 0 + - (1 - g) earths surface
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 12 of 31 kxss5 digital interfaces the kionix kxss5 digital accelerometer has the ability to communicate on both i 2 c and spi digital serial interface busses. this flexibility allows for eas y system integration by eliminating analog - to - digital converter requirements and by providing direct communication with system micro - controllers. in doing so, all of the digital communication pins have shared responsibilities. the serial interface term s and descriptions as indicated in table 7 below will be observed throughout this document. term description transmitter the device that transmits data to the bus. receiver the device that receives data from the bus. master the device that initiates a transfer, generates clock signals and terminates a transfer. slave the device addressed by the master. table 7. serial interface terminologies i 2 c serial interface the kxss5 has the ability to communicate on an i 2 c bus. i 2 c is primarily used for syn chronous serial communication between a master device and one or more slave devices. the master, typically a micro controller, provides the serial clock signal and addresses slave devices on the bus. the kxss5 always operates as a slave device during sta ndard master - slave i 2 c operation as shown in figure 1 on the following page. i 2 c is a two - wire serial interface that contains a serial clock (scl) line and a serial data (sda) line. scl is a serial clock that is provided by the master, but can be held lo w by any slave device, putting the master into a wait condition. sda is a bi - directional line used to transmit and receive data to and from the interface. data is transmitted msb (most significant bit) first in 8 - bit per byte format, and the number of by tes transmitted per transfer is unlimited. the i 2 c bus is considered free when both lines are high.
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 13 of 31 figure 1 multiple kxss5 i 2 c connection i 2 c operation transactions on the i 2 c bus begin after the master transmits a star t condition (s), which is defined as a high - to - low transition on the data line while the scl line is held high. the bus is considered busy after this condition. the next byte of data transmitted after the start condition contains the slave address (sad) in the seven msbs (most significant bits), and the lsb (least significant bit) tells whether the master will be receiving data 1 from the slave or transmitting data 0 to the slave. when a slave address is sent, each device on the bus compares the seve n msbs with its internally - stored address. if they match, the device considers itself addressed by the master. the kxss5 s slave address is comprised of a programmable part and a fixed part, which allows for connection of multiple kxss5 's to the same i 2 c bus. the slave address associated with the kxss5 is 001100x , where the programmable bit, x, is determined by the assignment of addr (pin 3) to gnd or vdd. figure 1 above shows how two kxss5 's would be implemented on an i 2 c bus. it is mandatory that rec eiving devices acknowledge (ack) each transaction. therefore, the transmitter must release the sda line during this ack pulse. the receiver then pulls the data line low so that it remains stable low during the high period of the ack clock pulse. a recei ver that has been addressed, whether it is master or slave, is obliged to generate an ack after each byte of data has been received. to conclude a transaction, the master must transmit a stop condition (p) by transitioning the sda line from low to high wh ile scl is high. the i 2 c bus is now free. mcu sda scl vdd sda scl kxss 5 addr sda scl kxss 5 addr sda scl
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 14 of 31 writing to a kxss5 8 - bit register upon power up, the master must write to the kxss5 s control registers to set its operational mode. therefore, when writing to a control register on the i 2 c bus, as shown seq uence 1 on the following page, the following protocol must be observed: after a start condition, sad+w transmission, and the kxss5 ack has been returned, an 8 - bit register address (ra) command is transmitted by the master. this command is telling the kxs s5 to which 8 - bit register the master will be writing the data. since this is i 2 c mode, the msb of the ra command should always be zero (0). the kxss5 acknowledges the ra and the master transmits the data to be stored in the 8 - bit register. the kxss5 ac knowledges that it has received the data and the master transmits a stop condition (p) to end the data transfer. the data sent to the kxss5 is now stored in the appropriate register. the kxss5 automatically increments the received ra commands and, theref ore, multiple bytes of data can be written to sequential registers after each slave ack as shown in sequence 2 on the following page. reading from a kxss5 8 - bit register when reading data from a kxss5 8 - bit register on the i 2 c bus, as shown in sequence 3 on the next page, the following protocol must be observed: the master first transmits a start condition (s) and the appropriate slave address (sad) with the lsb set at 0 to write. the kxss5 acknowledges and the master transmits the 8 - bit ra of the reg ister it wants to read. the kxss5 again acknowledges, and the master transmits a repeated start condition (sr). after the repeated start condition, the master addresses the kxss5 with a 1 in the lsb (sad+r) to read from the previously selected register . the slave then acknowledges and transmits the data from the requested register. the master does not acknowledge (nack) it received the transmitted data, but transmits a stop condition to end the data transfer. note that the kxss5 automatically increme nts through its sequential registers, allowing data reads from multiple registers following a single sad+r command as shown below in sequence 4 on the following page. if a receiver cannot transmit or receive another complete byte of data until it has pe rformed some other function, it can hold scl low to force the transmitter into a wait state. data transfer only continues when the receiver is ready for another byte and releases scl. for instance, after the master has requested to read acceleration data from the kxss5 , the kxss5 can hold scl low to force the master into a wait state while it completes the a/d conversion. after the a/d conversion, the kxss5 will release scl and transmit the acceleration data to the master. note that the kxss5 will hold for a/d conversions only if the clkhld bit is set in ctrl_regb. data transfer sequences the following information clearly illustrates the variety of data transfers that can occur on the i 2 c bus and how the master and slave interact during these transfer s. table 8 on the following page defines the i 2 c terms used during the data transfers.
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 15 of 31 term definition s start condition sr repeated start condition sad slave address w write bit r read bit ack acknowledge nack not acknowledge ra register add ress data transmitted/received data p stop condition table 8. i 2 c terms sequence 1. the master is writing one byte to the slave. master s sad + w ra data p slave ack ack ack sequence 2. the master is writing multiple bytes to the slave. master s sad + w ra data data p slave ack ack ack ack sequence 3. the master is receiving one byte of data from the slave. master s sad + w ra sr sad + r nack p slave ack ack ack data sequence 4 . the master is receiving multiple bytes of data from the slave. master s sad + w ra sr sad + r ack nack p slave ack ack ack data data
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 16 of 31 spi interface the kxss5 also utilizes an integrated serial peripheral interface (spi) for digital communication. the spi interface is primarily used for synchronous serial communication between one master device and one or more slave devices. the master, typically a micro controller, provides the spi clock signal (sclk) and determines th e state of chip select (ncs). the kxss5 always operates as a slave device during standard master - slave spi operation. spi is a 4 - wire synchronous serial interface that uses two control and two data lines. with respect to the master, the serial clock out put (sclk), the data output (mosi) and the data input (miso) are shared among the slave devices. the master generates an independent chip select (ncs) for each slave device that goes low at the start of transmission and goes back high at the end. the sla ve data output (sdo) line, remains in a high - impedance (hi - z) state when the device is not selected, so it does not interfere with any active devices. this allows multiple slave devices to share a master spi port as shown in figure 2 below. figure 2 kxss5 spi connections read and write control registers the control registers embedded in the kxss5 have 8 - bit addresses. upon power up, the master must write to the accelerometers control registers to set its operational m ode. on the falling edge of ncs , , a 2 - byte command is written to the appropriate control register. the first byte initiates the write to the appropriate register, and is followed by the user - defined, operational - mode byte. the msb (most significant bit) of the control register address byte will indicate 0 when writing to the register and 1 when reading from the register. this operation occurs over 16 clock cycles. all commands are sent msb first, and the host must return ncs high for at least 130 n s before the next data request. figure 3 below shows the timing diagram for carrying out the 8 - bit control register write operation. kxss 5 kxss 5 mcu sdi serial clock miso ( data in ) mosi ( data out ) cs 0 master slave 0 slave 1 cs 1 sclk sclk sdi sdo sdo cs cs
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 17 of 31 figure 3 timing diagram for 8 - bit control register write operation in order to read an 8 - bit control register, an 8 - bit read command must be written to the accelerometer to initiate the read. the msb of this control register address byte will indicate 0 when writing to the register and 1 when reading from the register. upon receiving the command, the accelerometer returns the 8 - bit operational - mode data stored in the appropriate control register. this operation also occurs over 16 clock cycles. all returned data is sent msb first, and the host must return ncs high for at least 130 ns before the next data request. figure 4 shows the timing diagram for an 8 - bit control register read operation. figure 4 timing diagram for 8 - bit control register read operation accelerometer read back operation the kxss5 has an onboard 12 - bit adc that can sample, convert and read back sensor data at any time. transmission of an 8 - bit axis - conversion command (see table 10) begins on the falling edge of ncs. the msb of this command indicates if you are writing to (0) or reading from (1) the register. after the eight clock cycles used to send the command, the host must hold sclk low for at least 200 s during the a/d conversion time. note that all returned data is sent msb first. once the data is received, ncs must b e returned high for at least 130 ns before the next data request. figure 5 on the following page shows the timing and diagram for the accelerometer 12 - bit adc read operation. the read back operation is a 3 - byte spi command. the first byte of sdi con tains the command to convert one of the axes. the second and third bytes of sdo contain the 12 bits of the a/d result plus four bits of padding in the lsb to make a total of 16 bits. see figure 6 below. a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 sdo sdi clk cs d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 hi - z hi - z (msb) (msb) a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 sdo sdi clk cs d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 hi - z hi - z (msb) (msb)
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 18 of 31 figure 5 timing diagr am for an a/d conversion and 12 - bit data read operation. axis conversion command sdi a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x msb msb sdo x x x x x x x x d11 d10 d9 d8 d7 d6 d5 d4 d3 d2 d1 d0 x x x x conversion read back data x = dont care bits figure 6 register diagram for 12 - bit adc read operation digital accelerometer spi sequence an example of a spi sequenc e for reading sensor data is as follows: ? power up digital accelerometer ? ncs low to select ? write operational mode commands to the 8 - bit control registers ctrl_regb and ctrl_regc ? ncs high for at least 130 ns ? ncs low to select ? send convert axis command t here should be a minimum of 200s between the first and second bytes in order to give the a/d conversion adequate time to complete. ? the 12 - bit a/d data is read to the second and third sdo bytes. the kxss5 auto - increments register transmits on sdo. therefore, y - axis, z - axis, ctrl_rega, ctrl_regb, and ctrl_regc will follow the two x - axis bytes automatically. ? after receiving the last byte of required data, return ncs high for at least 130 ns to reset the auto - increment. ? repeat data read cycle a7 a6 a5 a4 a3 a2 a1 a0 miso mosi clk cs d5 d4 d6 d7 d0 d1 d2 d3 d4 d5 d6 d7 (msb) (msb) hi z hi z d2 d1 d0 (msb) d3 200s
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 19 of 31 ? recommend reading x - axis, y - axis, z - axis, and the three control registers for each read cycle to verify the mode selections and status kxss5 embedded registers the kxss5 has 14 embedded 8 - bit registers that are accessible by the user. this section contains the addresses for all em bedded registers and also describes bit functions of each register. table 8 and table 9 below provide a listing of the accessible 8 - bit registers and their addresses when in i 2 c mode and spi mode. register name type address read/write hex binary xout_h r 0x00 0000 0000 xout_l r 0x01 0000 0001 yout_h r 0x02 0000 0010 yout_l r 0x03 0000 0011 zout_h r 0x04 0000 0100 zout_l r 0x05 0000 0101 reset_write w 0x06 0000 0110 ff_int r/w 0x08 0000 1000 ff_delay r/w 0x09 0000 1001 mot_int r/w 0x0a 0000 1010 mot_delay r/w 0x0b 0000 1011 ctrl_regc r/w 0x0c 0000 1100 ctrl_regb r/w 0x0d 0000 1101 ctrl_rega r 0x0e 0000 1110 table 9. i 2 c mode register map
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 20 of 31 register name type read address write address read/write hex binar y hex binary xout_h r 0x80 1000 0000 xxxx xxxx xxxx xout_l r 0x81 1000 0001 xxxx xxxx xxxx yout_h r 0x82 1000 0010 xxxx xxxx xxxx yout_l r 0x83 1000 0011 xxxx xxxx xxxx zout_h r 0x84 1000 0100 xxxx xxxx xxxx zout_l r 0x85 1000 0101 xxxx xxx x xxxx reset_write w xxxx xxxx xxxx 0x06 0000 0110 ff_int r/w 0x88 1000 1000 0x08 0000 1000 ff_delay r/w 0x89 1000 1001 0x09 0000 1001 mot_int r/w 0x8a 1000 1010 0x0a 0000 1010 mot_delay r/w 0x8b 1000 1011 0x0b 0000 1011 ctrl_regc r/w 0x8c 1000 1100 0x0c 0000 1100 ctrl_regb r/w 0x8d 1000 1101 0x0d 0000 1101 ctrl_rega r 0x8e 1000 1110 xxxx xxxx xxxx table 10. spi mode register map register descriptions xout_h x - axis accelerometer output most significant byte r r r r r r r r xoutd11 xoutd10 xoutd9 xoutd8 xoutd7 xoutd6 xoutd5 xoutd4 bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 i 2 c address: 0x00h spi read address: 0x80h xout_l x - axis accelerometer output least significant byte r r r r r r r r xoutd3 xoutd2 xoutd1 xoutd0 x x x x bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 i 2 c address: 0x01h spi read address: 0x81h
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 21 of 31 yout_h y - axis accelerometer output most significant byte r r r r r r r r youtd11 youtd10 youtd9 youtd8 youtd7 youtd6 youtd5 youtd4 bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 i 2 c address: 0x02h spi read address: 0x82h yout_l y - axis accelerometer output least significant byte r r r r r r r r youtd3 youtd2 youtd1 youtd0 x x x x bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 b it1 bit0 i 2 c address: 0x03h spi read address: 0x83h zout_h z - axis accelerometer output most significant byte r r r r r r r r zoutd11 zoutd10 zoutd9 zoutd8 zoutd7 zoutd6 zoutd5 zoutd4 bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 i 2 c address: 0x04h spi read address: 0x84h zout_l z - axis accelerometer output least significant byte r r r r r r r r zoutd3 zoutd2 zoutd1 zoutd0 x x x x bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 i2c address: 0x05h spi read address: 0x85h
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 22 of 31 reset_write when the key (11001010) is written to this register the offset, sensitivity and temperature correction values will be loaded into ram and used for all further measurements. this can also be accomplished by tra nsitioning the enable pin (6) from low to high. w w w w w w w w 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 i 2 c address: 0x06h spi write address: 0x06h ctrl_rega read - only status register r r r r r r r r x x x x x x moti ffi bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 i 2 c address: 0x0eh spi read address: 0x8eh spi write address: 0x0eh ffi reflects the status of the free - fall interrupt. when ffi = 1, the free - fall interrupt pin is high. whe n ffi = 0, the free - fall interrupt pin is low. the free - fall interrupt is reset by setting ffi = 0. moti reflects the status of the motion interrupt. when moti = 1, the motion - interrupt pin is high. when moti = 0, the motion - interrupt pin is low. the motion interrupt is reset by setting moti = 0. ctrl_regb read/write control register: hardwired power up/reset default value (0x42h) r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w reset value clkhld enable st 0 0 x ffien x 01000010 bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit 1 bit0 i 2 c address: 0x0dh spi read address: 0x8dh spi write address: 0x0dh ffien enables the freefall interrupt. ffien = 1 - an interrupt will be generated when the kxss5 is in a predetermined free - fall state ffien = 0 C a f ree - fall interrupt is never generated
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 23 of 31 st activates the self - test function for the sensor elements on all three axes. a correctly functioning kxss5 will increase all channel outputs when self test = 1 and enable = 1. this bit can be read or written. en able powers up the kxss5 for operation. enable = 1 C normal operation enable = 0 C low - power standby clkhld allows the kxss5 to hold the serial clock, scl, low in i 2 c mode to force the transmitter into a wait state during a/d conversions. clkhld = 1 C scl held low during a/d conversions clkhld = 0 C scl unaffected clkhld should be set to 0 when enable is set to 0 (disabled) to prevent potential holding of the clk line . ctrl_regc read/write control register: hardwired power up/reset default value ( 0x00h ) r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w reset value x x x fflat motlat 0 intspd1 intspd0 00000000 bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 i 2 c address: 0x0ch spi read address: 0x8ch spi write address: 0x0ch intspd0 is the f irst of two bits used to select the rate at which the accelerometer is sampled when debouncing a potential interrupt event. see table 11 below. intspd1 is the second of two bits used to select the rate at which the accelerometer is sampled when debouncin g a potential interrupt event. see table 11 below. intspd1 intspd0 interrupt frequency 0 0 250 hz 0 1 1 k hz 1 0 4 k hz 1 1 16 k hz table 11. interrupt frequencies
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 24 of 31 motlat switches the motion interrupt function between latching and non - latching as shown in figures 7 and 8. motlat = 0 - the motion interrupt output will go high whenever the criterion for motion detection is met. the output will return low when the criterion is not met. motlat = 1 - the motion interrupt output will go high whenever th e criterion for motion detection is met. the interrupt output will remain high until the user toggles the mot enable pin (12) low. figure 7. typical motion interrupt example (motlat = 0, moten = 1) neg. motion limit 0g 216 128 40 typical motion interrupt example (nonlatching) 108 148 255 pos. motion limit pos. freefall limit neg. freefall limit motion debounce timer set to 10 co unts. ff/mot interrupt 10 0
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 25 of 31 figure 8. typical motion interrupt example (motlat = 1, moten = 1) neg. motion limit 0g 216 128 40 typical motion interrupt example (latching) 108 148 255 pos. motion limit pos. freefall limit neg. freefall limit motion debounce timer set to 10 coun ts. ff/mot interrupt 10 0
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 26 of 31 fflat switches the free - fall interrupt function between latching and non - latching as shown in figures 9 and 10. fflat = 0 - the free - fall interrupt output will go high whenever the c riterion for free - fall detection is met. the output will return low when the criterion is not met. fflat = 1 - the free - fall interrupt output will go high whenever the criterion for free - fall detection is met. the output will remain high until ffien bit in ctrl_regb is cycled low. figure 9. typical free - fall interrupt example (fflat = 0, moten = 0) neg. motion limit 0g 216 128 40 typical freefall interrupt example (nonlatching) 108 148 255 pos. motion limit pos. freefall limit neg. freefall limit freefall debounce timer set to 10 counts. ff/mot interrupt 10 0
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 27 of 31 figure 10. typical free - fall interrupt example (fflat = 1, moten = 0) ff_int sets the free - fa ll interrupt threshold to this value r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w reset value ffi7 ffi6 ffi5 ffi4 ffi3 ffi2 ffi1 ffi0 00001110 bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 i 2 c address: 0x08h spi read address: 0x88h spi write addr ess: 0x08h neg. motion limit 0g 216 128 40 typical freefall interrupt example (latching) 108 148 255 pos. motion limit pos. freefall limit neg. freefall limit freefall debounce timer set to 10 cou nts. ff/mot interrupt 10 0
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 28 of 31 ff_delay sets the free - fall delay/debounce time to this value r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w reset value ffd7 ffd6 ffd5 ffd4 ffd3 ffd2 ffd1 ffd0 00000001 bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 i 2 c address: 0x09h spi read address: 0x89h spi write address: 0x09h free - fall detect the kxss5 features a free - fall interrupt that sends a flag through pin 11 when the accelerometer senses a free - fall event. a free - fall event is evident when all three acceleromet er axes simultaneously fall below a certain acceleration threshold for a set amount of time. the kxss5 gives the user the option to define the acceleration threshold value through the ff_int 8 - bit register where 256 counts cover the g range of the acceler ometer. equation 1 below shows how to calculate the ff_int value needed for a desired acceleration threshold based on the sensitivity. equation 1. ff_int calculation through the ff_delay 8 - bit register, the user can set the amo unt of time all three accelerometer axes must simultaneously remain below the ff_int acceleration threshold before the free - fall interrupt flag is sent through pin 11. this delay/debounce time is defined by the available 0 to 255 counts, which represent a ccelerometer samples taken at the rate defined by intspd0 and intspd1. equation 2 below shows how to calculate ff_delay for a desired debounce time (delay) based on the interrupt sampling rate ( intspd0 and intspd1 ) . equation 2. ff_delay calculation when the free - fall interrupt is enabled the part must not be in a physical state that would trigger the free - fall interrupt or the delay will not be correct for the present free - fall. 16 ) / ( * ) ( ) ( _ g counts y sensitivit g threshold counts int ff ? ) ( * (sec) ) ( _ hz rate sampling interrupt delay counts delay ff ?
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 29 of 31 mot_int sets the motion activated interr upt acceleration threshold r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w moti7 moti6 moti5 moti4 moti3 moti2 moti1 moti0 reset value bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 01010101 i 2 c address: 0x0ah spi read address: 0x8ah spi write addres s: 0x0ah mot_delay sets the motion activated delay/debounce time to this value r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w r/w reset value motd7 motd6 motd5 motd4 motd3 motd2 motd1 motd0 00000001 bit7 bit6 bit5 bit4 bit3 bit2 bit1 bit0 i 2 c address: 0x0bh spi read address: 0x8bh spi write address: 0x0bh motion detect the kxss5 also features a high - g motion interrupt that sends a flag through pin 11 when the accelerometer senses a high - g acceleration. a high - g acceleration is evident when any of the three accelerometer axes sense acceleration above a certain threshold for a set amount of time. the kxss5 gives the user the option to define the acceleration threshold value through the mot_int 8 - bit register where 256 counts cover the g rang e of the accelerometer. equation 3 shows how to calculate the mot_int value needed for a desired acceleration threshold based on the sensitivity . equation 3. mot_int calculation through the mot_delay 8 - bit register, the user can set the amount of time that any of the three accelerometer axes has to sense acceleration above a certain threshold before the motion inte rrupt flag is sent through pin 11 . this delay/debounce time is defined by the available 0 to 255 counts, which repre sent accelerometer samples taken at the rate defined by intspd0 and intspd1. equation 4 below shows how to calculate mot_delay for a desired debounce time (delay) based on the interrupt sampling rate (intspd0 and intspd1). 16 ) / ( * ) ( ) ( _ g counts y sensitivit g threshold counts int mot ?
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 30 of 31 equa tion 4. mot_delay calculation when the motion interrupt is enabled the part must not be in a physical state that would trigger the motion interrupt or the delay will not be correct for the present motion. ) ( * (sec) ) ( _ hz rate sampling interrupt delay counts delay mot ?
3g tri - axis accelerometer specifications part number: kxss5 - 4457 rev. 3 feb - 2013 36 thornwood dr. C ithaca, ny 14850 ? 2013 kionix C all rights reserved tel: 607 - 257 - 1080 C fax:607 - 257 - 1146 584 - 4259 - 1302251530 www.kionix.com - info@kionix.com page 31 of 31 revision history revision description date 1 initial release 31 - jul - 2009 2 updated to new format and revision numbering 17 - dec - 2009 3 update max vdd from 5.25v to 3.6v 25 - feb - 2013 "kionix" is a registered trademark of kionix, inc. products described herein are protected by patents issued or pending. no license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patent or other rights of kionix. the information contained herein is believed to be accurate and reliable but is not guaranteed. kionix does not assume responsibility for its use or distribution. kionix also reserves the right to change product specifications or discontinue t his product at any time without prior noti ce. this publication supersedes and replaces all information previously supplied.

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